APA requires that the entire paper be double-spaced, including all the lines when you look at the reference list.

This guide will be based upon the Publication Manual associated with American Psychological Association, 6th ed. It provides selected citation examples for common forms of sources. For more descriptive information please consult a print copy of the style manual.

For the best printing results because of this guide, utilize the printer-friendly PDF format.

Review the Sample paper through the APA, with examples of many APA rules.

Keep track of your document references/citations and format your reference lists easily with citation management software.

Number all pages consecutively, beginning with the title page, in Arabic numerals (e.g., 4, not IV) into the upper right-hand corner (Rule 8.03, p. 230).

You need to cite and document any sources if you presented the ideas from these sources in your own words that you have consulted, even. You need to cite:

• to determine other people’s ideas and information used in your essay.
• to tell your reader of the paper where they need to look if they desire to custom writings get the same sources.

A citation must can be found in two places in your essay:

• in your body of the text (“in-text citations”).
• in the reference list (during the end of your paper).

To introduce other people’s ideas in text, use the following examples:

Richardson argues, relates to, explains, hypothesizes, compares, concludes; As Littlewood and Sherwin demonstrated, proved, . etc.

Spelling: Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary print or online may be the spelling that is standard for APA journals and books (Rule 4.12, p. 96).

Reference in text

Capitalize all major words in titles of books and articles within the body regarding the paper (Rule 4.15, p.101). E.g.

In his book Greek Political Thought (2006), Balot argues that. The criticism regarding the article, “The Politics of Paraliterary Criticism”.

NOTE: In reference lists, however, capitalize only the word that is first of title and of the subtitle (after a colon or em dash) and proper nouns.

When quoting from print sources or online articles, give the author, year, and page number in parentheses (Rule 6.03, pp.170-171). For example:

Mooney (2000) unearthed that . “direct_quotation” (p. 276). “Direct_quotation”. (Walker, 2000, p. 135).

An inch, and omit the quotation marks (Rule 6.03, p. 171) if the quotation is over 40 words, you must start the quotation on a new line, indent the quotation about Ѕ.

Prince Edward Island is a curved slice of land from three to thirty-five miles wide and about one hundred and twenty miles long, lying across the southern rim associated with the Gulf of St. Lawrence and separated from the mainland of the latest Brunswick and Nova Scotia by the narrow waters of Northumberland Strait.(Ives, 1999, p. 1)

When paraphrasing from a source, or when referring to an idea contained in another work, you are encouraged to present a typical page number (Rule 6.04 p. 171).

When citing the author that is same times in a paragraph, see Citing Paraphrased Work in APA Style through the APA Style Blog.

Many sources that are electronic not provide page numbers. In this case, use paragraph numbers preceded by the abbreviation ‘para.’ (Rule 6.05 pp. 171-172). For example:

(Johnson, 2003, para. 5).

The heading if it is long) (Rule 6.05 pp if a source contains neither page nor paragraph numbers, cite the heading ( shorten. 171-172).

If you have no date of publication, use the abbreviation (n.d.).

List two or more works by different authors who are cited within the parentheses that are same alphabetical order because of the first authors’ surnames and place semicolons between them (Rule 6.16 p. 177).

Reference list

In APA, the menu of sources at the final end for the paper (bibliography) is called the reference list. The reference list must include all references cited when you look at the text of one’s paper.

Your message References should appear near the top of your reference list, also it ought to be centred in the page (Rule 2.11, p. 37).

Order of references into the reference list is alphabetical, by the last name of the author that is firstRule 6.25, p. 181) or, if author just isn’t available – by title.

Alphabetize letter by letter. “Nothing precedes something”. ‘Brown, J. R.’ comes before ‘Browning, A. F.’.

For the author’s first name use only initials: ‘Smith, J.’, not ‘Smith, Jennifer’.

For a number of functions by the same author cite them in your reference list by year of publication with all the earliest first – Smith, A. (1999) . Smith, A. (2002)

Second and subsequent lines of each entry are indented 1/2 inch or 5 spaces. The chosen format ought to be consistent through the entire references.

Double-space between all lines of your work, including references.

When citing books (not periodicals), capitalize only the first word for the title as well as the subtitle (i.e. the first word after a colon or a dash) and proper nouns (Rule 6.29, p. 185).

If more than one city of publication is placed in the book you are citing, utilize the first one listed.

If you have no date of publication, use the abbreviation (n.d.).